![]() Among edible items, it pays to know which are nutritious and good tasting, and which are not. Their motivation for acquiring this knowledge is obvious: they needed to gather food for survival, and they could not afford to make mistakes. Most can distinguish hundreds to thousands of plants, an expertise rare among modern-day specialists in botany. Studies of remote and isolated tribes who have maintained Stone Age cultures into the modern era have shown them to be world-class botanists within their own habitat. The evidence that agriculture developed independently in these areas rests in part on their geographic separation but mainly on the fact that these areas all have different natural food sources, each of which required a distinct form of domestication. ![]() Agricultural discoveries began thousands of years later in other regions, including the Central American lowlands, the high terrain around the Peruvian Andes, and the tropics of Africa and New Guinea. 7.1), were to have the largest impact on early civilization. The two earliest developments, in the Fertile Crescent region of Mesopotamia at the eastern end of the Mediterranean and in the Yellow River Valley in northern China (fig. Agriculture originated independently in several regions within the last 12,000 years.
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